Syntax Comparison

          
      #include <stdio.h>

      int main() {
          int myNum = 9.8;
          printf("%d",myNum); //the output is 9
          return 0;
      }
          
      

          
        #include <iostream>

        int main() {
            int myNum = 9.8;
            std::cout << myNum; //the output is 9
            return 0;
        }
          
          

          
        #include <stdio.h>

        int main() {
            int myNum1 = 10;
            float myNum2 = (float) myNum1;
            printf("%f",myNum2); //myNum2 will show as 10.0000
            return 0;
        }
          
          

        
        #include <iostream>

        int main() {
            int myNum1 = 10;
            float myNum2 = (float) myNum1;
            std::cout << myNum2; //myNum2 will show as 10.0000
            return 0;
        }
        
          

        
        #include <stdio.h>

        //global variable
        int phi = 3.14; 

        int sum (int a, int b){
            //local variable inside the sum function  
            int result; 
        }

        int main() {
            //local variable inside the main function  
            int myNum1; 
            return 0;
        }
        
        

        
        #include <iostream>

        //global variable
        int phi = 3.14; 

        int sum (int a, int b){
            //local variable inside the sum function
            int result; 
        }

        int main() {
            //local variable inside the main function
            int myNum1; 
            return 0;
        }
        
        

      
      print("Some random text")
      print(variable_name1, variable_name2)         
      
      

    
    #include <iostream>

    int main() {
        int myNum;
        char myChar;

        std::cout << "Input a number and a character: ";
        std::cin >> myNum >> myChar;
        std::cout << myNum << myChar;
        return 0;
    }            
    

    #input is treated as string
    myNum = input("Enter a number: ") 

    #input is treated as int
    myNum2 = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    
    

  #include <iostream>
  #include <string>

  int main() {
      std::string myName;

      //this line will not be executed
      std::cout << "Input your full name: ";
      getline(std::cin, myName);

      /*
      std::cout << "hello";
      The console will not show "hello" because the
      std::cout << "hello" is in the comment and will 
      not be executed.
      */

      return 0;
  }            
      
      

      #this line will not be executed
      myNum = input("Enter a number: ")
      print(myNum)
      
      #print("hello")
      #"hello" will not be printed out because
      #it is in the comment block.           
  
  

      #include <stdio.h>

      double division(int a, int b) {
          if( b == 0 ){
              throw "Division by zero!";
          }
          return (a/b);
      }

      int main () {
          int x = 50;
          int y = 0;
          double z = 0;

          try { 
              z = division(x, y);
              std::cout << z << std::endl; 
          } //test the above code block

          catch (const char* msg) {
              std::cerr << msg << std::endl;
          } 
          
      /*if the result type is const char* 
      (the result is the message "Division by zero!"), 
      
      then cerr (print error message) of the msg. 
      In this case, msg is "Division by zero!" */

          return 0;
      }
        

      try:
          print(x)
      except NameError:
          print("Variable x is not defined")
      except:
          print("Something else went wrong")
      else:
          print("Nothing went wrong")
      finally:
          print("Exception handling process is done")
      

      
      set_name1 = {} #empty set
      set_name2 = {3, "hello", 22.5, [True, False]}
      #1 and True are considered the same in sets.
      #0 and False are also considered the same in sets.
      

      
      dict_name1 = {} #empty dictionary
      dict_name2 = {key1 : value1, key2 : value2, key3 : value3}
      

    
    #include <stdio.h>

    int main() {
        int myNumber[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
        int yourNumber[4]; 
        //yourNumber doesn't contain any value
        //you can't change the size of the array after creation
        
        myNumber[0] = 30; //change the value 25 to 30
        //myNumber will contain 30,50,75,100 now
        
        yourNumber[0] = 40;
        yourNumber[1] = 50;
        yourNumber[2] = 45;
        yourNumber[3] = 55;
        //yourNumber will contain 40,50,45,55 now
        
        return 0;
    }
    
        

    
    #include <iostream>

    int main() {
        int myNumber[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
        int yourNumber[4]; 
        //yourNumber doesn't contain any value
        //you can't change the size of the array after creation
        
        myNumber[0] = 30; //change the value 25 to 30
        //myNumber will contain 30,50,75,100 now
        
        yourNumber[0] = 40;
        yourNumber[1] = 50;
        yourNumber[2] = 45;
        yourNumber[3] = 55;
        //yourNumber will contain 40,50,45,55 now
        
        return 0;
    }
    
        

    dict_name2 = {"name": "Mega", "age" : 18}
    print(dict_name2["name"]) #the output will be Mega
    

    #include <iostream>

      int main() {
        int myNumbers[5] = {20, 30, 40, 50, 60};
        
        int byte_size = sizeof(myNumbers); //value is 20
        int array_size = sizeof(myNumbers)/sizeof(int); //value is 5
        int array_size2 = std::size(myNumbers); //value is 5
        
        return 0;
    }    
      

      ['beta', 'delta', 'gamma']
      ['alpha', 'beta', 'delta', 'gamma']
      ['beta', 'delta', 'gamma', 'epsilon', 'theta']
      ['delta', 'gamma', 'epsilon']
      

      
      #include <stdio.h>

      struct Phone {
          int price;
          char brand[10];
          int year;
      };
      
      int main() {
          struct Phone phone1 = {5000, "Aster", 2019};
          struct Phone phone2 = {3000, "Bianca", 2022};
          struct Phone phone3 = {2000, "Charlie", 2021};
          struct Phone phone4;
          
          phone4 = phone3; //assign the value of phone3 to phone4
          phone4.year = 2022; //change phone4's year to 2022
          
          printf("%d %s %d\n", phone1.price, phone1.brand, phone1.year);
          printf("%d %s %d\n", phone2.price, phone2.brand, phone2.year);
          printf("%d %s %d\n", phone3.price, phone3.brand, phone3.year);
          printf("%d %s %d\n", phone4.price, phone4.brand, phone4.year);
      
          return 0;
      }
      
      

        
        int main(){
            struct {
            Variable_type1 variable_name1;
            Variable_type2 variable_name2;
            Variable_typen variable_namen;
            }struct_variable_name1, struct_variable_name2, struct_variable_namen;
        }
        
        

        
        #include <iostream.h>
        #include <string.h>

        struct Phone {
            int price;
            std::string brand;
            int year;
        };
        
        int main() {
            struct Phone phone1 = {5000, "Aster", 2019};
            struct Phone phone2 = {3000, "Bianca", 2022};
            struct Phone phone3 = {2000, "Charlie", 2021};
            struct Phone phone4;
            
            phone4 = phone3; //assign the value of phone3 to phone4
            phone4.year = 2022; //change phone4's year to 2022
            
            std::cout<< phone1.price<< " " << phone1.brand << " " <<  phone1.year;
            std::cout<< "\n" << phone2.price<< " " << phone2.brand << " " <<  phone2.year;
            std::cout<< "\n" << phone3.price<< " " << phone3.brand << " " <<  phone3.year;
            std::cout<< "\n" << phone4.price<< " " << phone4.brand << " " <<  phone4.year;
        
            return 0;
        }
        
        

          
    variable_result = string1 + string2 + stringn;
    variable_result = string1.append(string2);  
          
          

        
        myString1 = "hello"
        myString2 = "world"
        result = myString1 + myString2
        #result will be helloworld
        

        if (condition1) {
            //block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
        } else if (condition2) {
        //block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is true
        } else {
        //block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is false
        }
        

        #include<stdio.h>
        int main() {
            int myNum = 10;
            if(myNum < 1){
                printf("myNum is less than 1"); 
            }else if (myNum < 10){
                printf("myNum is less than 10");
            }else{
                printf("myNum is greater than or equal with 10");
            }
            return 0;
        }
        

        if (condition1) {
            // block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
        } else if (condition2) {
        // block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is true
        } else {
        // block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is false
        }
        

        #include<iostream>
        int main() {
            int myNum = 10;
            if(myNum < 1){
                std::cout<<"myNum is less than 1"; 
            }else if (myNum < 10){
                std::cout<<"myNum is less than 10";
            }else{
                std::cout<<"myNum is greater than or equal with 10";
            }
            return 0;
        }
        

    if condition1:
        #block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
    elif condition2:
        #block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is true
    else:
      #block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is false
    

    myNum = 10;
    if myNum < 1:
        print("myNum is less than 1") 
    elif myNum < 10:
        print("myNum is less than 10")
    else:
        print("myNum is greater than or equal with 10")
    

        variable_type variable_name1;
        variable_type* pointer_name1 = &variable_name1;
        

        variable_type variable_name1;
        variable_type* pointer_name1 = &variable_name1;
        printf("%p", pointer_name1); //print the memory address of variable_name1
        printf("format specifier of variable_name1", *pointer_name1); 
        //print variable_name1
        

        #include<stdio.h>
        int main() {
            //variable declaration
            char myChar = 'C';
            int myAge = 18;

            //pointer declaration
            char* myptr1 = &myChar;
            int* myptr2 = &myAge;

            printf("%p\n", myptr1); //print memory address of myChar
            printf("%c\n", *myptr1); //dereferencing (print myChar)

            printf("%p\n", myptr2); //print memory address of myAge
            printf("%d", *myptr2); //dereferencing (print myAge)
            return 0;
        }
        

        variable_type variable_name1;
        variable_type* pointer_name1 = &variable_name1;

        //print the memory address of variable_name1
        std::cout << pointer_name1 << std::endl; 

        //print variable_name1
        std::cout << *pointer_name1;                 
        

        #include<iostream>
        #include<string>

        int main(){
            //variable declaration
            std::string myString = "Car";
            int myAge = 18;
            
            //pointer declaration
            std::string* myptr1 = &myString;
            int* myptr2 = &myAge;
            
            std::cout << myptr1 << std::endl; //print memory address of myString
            std::cout << *myptr1 << std::endl;; //dereferencing (print myString)
            
            std::cout << myptr2 << std::endl;; //print memory address of myAge
            std::cout << *myptr2 << std::endl;; //dereferencing (print myAge)
            
            *myptr2 = 20;
            std::cout << myptr2 << std::endl;; //memory address is still same
            std::cout << *myptr2 << std::endl;; //the value of myAge changed
            
            return 0;
        } 
        

        #include<stdio.h>
        int main() {
            int myNumbers[4] = {25, 50, 75, 100};

            // Change the value of the second element to 23
            *(myNumbers + 1) = 23;

            printf("%d ", *myNumbers); //print myNumbers[0]
            printf("%d", *(myNumbers + 1)); //print myNumbers[1]
            return 0;
        }
        

        #include <iostream>
        int main(){
            int myNumbers[4] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
            
            // Change the value of the second element to 23
            *(myNumbers + 1) = 23;
            
            std::cout << *myNumbers << " "; //print myNumbers[0]
            std::cout << *(myNumbers+1) << std::endl; //print myNumbers[1]
            
            std::cout << myNumbers << std::endl;
            std::cout << &myNumbers[0]; //notice that both are the same
            
            return 0;
        }  
        

        variable_type variable1;

        //referencing
        variable_type &variable2 = variable1;
        

        #include <iostream>
        #include <string>
        
        int main() {
            std::string food = "Pizza"; //variable declaration
            std::string &meal = food; //reference declaration
        
            std::cout << food << "\n";
            std::cout << meal << "\n";
            
            meal = "rice";
            std::cout << food << "\n"; //food will also change to rice
            std::cout << meal;
            
            return 0;
        }
        

  return_type function_name (data_type parameter_name){ 
      //line of codes to be executed
  }
        

  return_type function_name (data_type parameter_name){  
      //line of codes to be executed 
  }
        

      total=10
      def store(a):
          total+=a
      
      goods=10
      store(goods)	#calling the function
      

        #include <stdio.h>
        void displayInfo(int age, int phone){
            printf("This is your age, %d", age);
            printf("\nThis is your phone number, %d", phone);
        }
        int main() {
            displayInfo(10, 9912);
            return 0;
        }
        

        #include <iostream>
        void displayInfo(int age, int phone){
            std::cout << "This is your age, " << age;
            std::cout << "\nThis is your phone number, " << phone;
        }
        int main() {
            displayInfo(10, 9912);
            return 0;
        }
        

      def displayInfo(age, phone):
          print(f"This is your age, {age}")
          print(f"This is your phone number, {phone}")
      
      displayInfo(10, 9912);
      

        #include<iostream>
        class MyClass {       // The class
            public:             // Access specifier
              int myNum;        // Attribute 
              string myString;  // Attribute 
        };

        int main() {
          return 0;
        }
        

      #include<iostream>
      class MyClass {       // The class
          public:             // Access specifier
            int myNum;        // Attribute
            string myString;  // Attribute
      };

      int main() {
          MyClass myObj;  // Create object of MyClass
        
          // Access attributes and set values
          myObj.myNum = 15; 
          myObj.myString = "Some text";
          return 0;
      }
        

        class MyClass:    #The class
            x = 5         #attribute
          
        myobj = MyClass()
        print(myobj.x)	#the output is 5
        

        #include<iostream>
        class MyClass {       // The class
            public:             // Access specifier
              int myNum;        // Attribute
              void greet(){
                std::cout<<"Hello!";
              }
        };

        int main() {
          // Create an object of MyClass  
          MyClass myObj;  
          
          // Access attributes and set values
          myObj.myNum = 15; 
          myObj.greet();
          return 0;
        }
        

        #include<iostream>
        class MyClass {       // The class
            public:             // Access specifier
              int myNum;        // Attribute 
        };
          
        void MyClass::greet(){
            std::cout<<"Hello!";
        }
          
        int main() {
          // Create an object of MyClass  
          MyClass myObj;  
        
          // Access attributes and set values
          myObj.myNum = 15; 
          myObj.greet();
          return 0;
        }
        

      class MyClass:
          def __init__(self, name, age):
              self.name = name
              self.age = age
          def __str__(self):
              return f"{self.name} is {self.age}"
          def greet(self):
              print(f"Hello, {self.name}!")
      
      myobj = MyClass("John", "20")
      myobj.greet()
      

      #include<iostream>
      class MyClass {     // The class
          public:           // Access specifier
            MyClass() {     // Constructor
              std::cout << "Hello World!";
          }
      };
        
      int main() {
          // Create an object of MyClass 
          //(this will call the constructor)  
          MyClass myObj;   
          return 0;
      }
        

      class MyClass:
          def __init__(self, name, age):
              self.name = name
              self.age = age
      
      myobj = MyClass("John", "20")
      print(myobj.name)
      print(myobj.age)
      

  class MyClass:
      def __init__(self, name, age):
          self.__name = name 
          self.__age = age
          #the attribute (name and age) is now private
      

        #include<iostream>

        // The base class
        class MySchool {     
            public:           
                int members;
                void welcome(){
                    std::cout<< "Welcome!";
                }
        };
        
        // The derived class
        class MyClass: public MySchool {     
            public:           				
                char name = 'b';
        };
          
        int main() {
            MyClass myObj;
            myObj.welcome();   
            return 0;
        }
        

      #parent class
      class Person:					
          def __init__(self, fname, lname):
              self.firstname = fname
              self.lastname = lname
      
          def printname(self):
              print(self.firstname, self.lastname)
          
      #the child class
      class Student(Person):	
          def __init__(self, fname, lname):
              Person.__init__(self, fname, lname)
          
      x = Student("Mega", "Kim")
      x.printname()
      

        #include<iostream>
        #include<string>

        // Base class
        class Animal {
            public:
                void animalSound() {
                    std::cout << "The animal makes a sound \n";
                }
        };
            
        // Derived class
        class Pig : public Animal {
            public:
                void animalSound() {
                    std::cout << "The pig says: wee wee \n";
                }
        };
            
        // Derived class
        class Dog : public Animal {
            public:
                void animalSound() {
                    std::cout << "The dog says: bow wow \n";
                }
        };
            
        int main() {
            Animal myAnimal;
            Pig myPig;
            Dog myDog;
            
            myAnimal.animalSound();
            myPig.animalSound();
            myDog.animalSound();
            return 0;
        }
        

    class Pig:
        def __init__(self, name):
          self.name = name
        
        def animalSound(self):
          print("The pig says wee wee")
      
    class Dog:
        def __init__(self, name):
          self.name = name
        
        def animalSound(self):
          print("The dog says bow wow")
          
    mypig = Pig("Piggy")
    mydog = Dog("Doggy")
    mypig.animalSound()
    mydog.animalSound()  
    

      #include<stdio.h>

      int main() {
          FILE *fptr;
          // Open a file in read mode
          fptr = fopen("filename.txt", "r");

          // Store the content of the file
          char myString[100];

          // Read the content and store it in myString
          fgets(myString, 100, fptr);

          // Print the file content
          printf("%s", myString);

          // Close the file
          fclose(fptr);
          return 0;
      }